The eight volcanoes in Indonesia are as follows:
1. Kelud
Since the 15th century, Mount Kelut has claimed more than 15,000 people. This volcanic eruption in 1586 claimed the lives of over 10,000 inhabitants. A system to divert the lava flow has been made extensively in 1926 and still serves to this day after the eruption in 1919 claimed thousands of lives due to the cold lava flood swept settlements.
In the 20th century, Mount Kelut recorded eruption in 1901, 1919 (May 1), 1951, 1966, and 1990. In 2007 the mountain was again increased its activity. This pattern brings experts volcano on 15-year cycle for this eruption.
2. Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi is the youngest in a collection of volcanoes in southern Java. The mountain is located in a subduction zone, where the Indo-Australian plate continues to move down the Eurasian Plate. The eruption took place in the area since 400,000 years ago, and up to 10,000 years ago the type of eruption is effusive. After that, the eruptions became explosive, with viscous lava that give rise to lava domes.
Small eruptions occur every 2-3 years, and the larger about 10-15 years. Merapi eruptions big impact among others in the years 1006, 1786, 1822, 1872, and 1930. Major eruption in 1006 made the whole central part of Java island shrouded in ash.
It is estimated, the eruption caused the ancient Mataram kingdom should be moved to East Java. The explosion in 1930 destroyed 13 villages and killed 1400 people.
3. Mount Galunggung
Mount Galunggung ever recorded erupted in 1882 (VEI = 5). Early signs of eruption known in July 1822, where the water becomes murky and muddy Cikunir. Results of the crater showed that turbid water is hot and sometimes appear in the column of smoke from the crater.
Then on October 8, s.d. October 12, the eruption of reddish sand produces rain very hot, fine ash, pyroclastic and lava. Lava flow moves to the southeast following the river flows. This explosion killed 4011 people and destroyed 114 villages, with damage to the land to the east and south as far as 40 miles from the mountain top.
4. Mount Agung
Mount Agung last erupted in 1963-64 and is still active, with a large and very deep crater that sometimes smoke and ash. From a distance, the mountain is visible cone, although in it there is a large crater.
From the top of the mountain, it is possible to see the summit of Mount Rinjani on the island of Lombok, although both mountains are frequently covered with clouds. On February 18, 1963, local residents heard a loud explosion and saw a cloud rising from the crater of Mount Agung.
On February 24, lava began to flow down the north slope of the mountain, eventually traveling 7 miles in 20 days. On March 17, the volcano erupted, sending debris 8-10 km into the air and produce a large pyroclastic flow.
This current is much destroying villages, killing around 1500 people. A second eruption on May 16, causing the flow of heat clouds that killed more than 200 other residents.
5. Krakatoa
Krakatoa is a volcanic island that is still active and located in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. This name was never pinned on a volcanic peak there (Mount Krakatoa) which vanish due to the eruptions themselves on 26-27 August 1883.
The eruption was so powerful; hot clouds and the resulting tsunami killed about 36,000 people. Until before the date of December 26, 2004, this is a terdahsyat tsunami in the Indian Ocean region. The sound explosion was heard up in Alice Springs, Australia and the island of Rodrigues near Africa, 4653 miles. Yield is estimated at 30,000 times the atomic bombs that detonated on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.
The eruption of Krakatoa caused global climate change. The world was dark for two and a half days due to volcanic ash that covered the atmosphere. The sun shines dim until next year. Scattering dust visible in the sky Norway to New York.
The explosion of Krakatoa is actually still less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Tambora in Indonesia, Mount Tanpo in New Zealand and Mount Katmal in Alaska. But these mountains erupted deep in the human population is still very little.
Meanwhile, when Mount Krakatoa erupted, the human population is dense enough, science and technology has evolved, the telegraph was invented, and submarine cable has been installed. Thus it can be said that at the time of information technology is growing and growing rapidly.
Noted that the eruption of Mount Krakatau is the first major disaster in the world after the invention of the submarine telegraph. Progress is, unfortunately, has not been matched by progress in the field of geology. The geologist was not even able to give an explanation of the eruption.
6. Maninjau
Maninjau caldera was formed by volcanic eruptions is estimated to occur about 52,000 years ago. Deposits from the eruption have been found in the radial distribution around Maninjau stretches up to 50 km to the east, 75 km to the southeast, and west to the coast. Deposits are expected to be distributed more than 8,500 km ² and has a volume of 220-250 km ³. This caldera has a length of 20 km and width of 8 km.
7. Mount Tambora
This volcanic activity reached its peak in April 1815 when it erupted in the scale of seven on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. The eruption's largest eruption since the Lake Taupo eruption in the year 181.
This eruption came to the island of Sumatra (over 2,000 km). Volcanic ash falls in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Java and the Moluccas. This eruption caused the death of up to no less than 71,000 people were killed by 11000-12000 direct result of the eruption.
Even some researchers estimate up to 92,000 people were killed, but this figure is questionable because based on estimates that are too high. Moreover, this eruption caused global climate change.
The following year (1816) is often referred to as the Year Without a Summer because of the drastic change of weather North America and Europe due to dust generated from this Tambora eruption. As a result of drastic climate change is a lot of crop failure and livestock deaths in the Northern Hemisphere that caused the worst famine in the 19th century.
During an archaeological excavation in 2004, a team of archaeologists found the remains were buried by the eruption of culture in 1815 at a depth of 3 meters in pyroclastic deposits. Artifacts were found in the same position when the eruption occurred in 1815. Because of the similar characteristics of this, these findings are often referred to as the Pompeii of the east.
8. Toba supervolcano
Volcanic eruption is the most powerful ever known on planet Earth. And nearly destroyed generations of mankind on planet Earth.
73,000 years ago, the eruption of the Supervolcano in Indonesia nearly exterminate the whole human race. Only a few have survived. And after Tsunami Volcano In Indonesia became active once again and threatens humankind.
This eruption can not be compared with anything that has been experienced on Earth since the time when humans could walk upright. Compared with the Toba supervolcano, even ten thousand Krakatau causing fatalities in 1883 is just a little burp.
Though Krakatau has explosive power equivalent to 150 megatons of TNT. For comparison: Hiroshima Bomb explosions have only 0.015 megatons of explosive power, and then the destruction of orally 10,000 times weaker than Krakatau.
As has been known to scientists, toba nearly exterminate mankind 73.00 years ago. At that Neanderthal man inhabited the earth along with homo sapiens in Europe, as well as homo erectus and Homo floresiensis in Asia. It was very cold in Europe, the last ice age is going well where deer, wild horses and deer hunted giant.
In addition to herbivorous diet, hairy mammoths and rhinos too often the human diet when Toba, with a diameter of 90 kilometers on the island now known by the name Sumatera.Meledak in the true sense.
Along with a huge tsunami waves, there are 2800 cubic kilometers of ash released, which spread to the whole atmosphere of our earth. Which may have reduced the number of human population to only about 5000 to 10,000 people only.
Actually humans today come from a few thousand human survivors of a super volcano Toba eruption 73,000 years ago. Therefore Volcanoes in Indonesia responsible for the almost extinction of mankind.
And from 60 to 70 volcanoes in the area can ditemuai (Indonesia) now. Some of them became active again in a few months or several weeks after the earthquake in dasarlaut in december 2004.
Although Toba is still far away and safe sleeping under a large sea that bears the same name in North Sumatra. many people are afraid if one day an active volcano in the Gutter which is 300 kilometers south of the Toba eruption, could awaken a sleeping giant.
